Journal of Electrocardiology
Volume 43, Issue 2 , Pages 121-131 , March 2010

The ST injury vector: electrocardiogram-based estimation of location and extent of myocardial ischemia

  • Mads P. Andersen, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
    • ,
  • Christian J. Terkelsen, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Denmark
    • ,
  • Jacob T. Sørensen, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Denmark
    • ,
  • Anne K. Kaltoft, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Denmark
    • ,
  • Søren S. Nielsen, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Denmark
    • ,
  • Johannes J. Struijk, PhD, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
    • ,
  • Hans E. Bøtker, MD, DmSc

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Denmark

Received 1 November 2009

References 

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  6. Shah A, Wagner GS, Green CL, et al. Electrocardiographic differentiation of the ST-segment depression of acute myocardial injury due to the left circumflex artery occlusion from that of myocardial ischemia of nonocclusive etiologies. Am J Cardiol. 1997;80:512
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  11. Hurst JW. Thoughts about the abnormalities in the electrocardiogram of patients with acute myocardial infarction with emphasis on a more accurate method of interpreting S-T segment displacement: part II. Clin Cardiol. 2007;30:443
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  15. Strauss DG, Olson CW, Wu KC, et al. Vectorcardiogram synthesized from the 12-lead electrocardiogram to image ischemia. J Electrocardiol. 2009;42:190
  16. Andersen MP, Terkelsen CJ, Struijk JJ. The ST compass: spatial visualization of ST-segment deviations and estimation of the ST injury vector. J Electrocardiol. 2009;42:181
  17. Andersen MP, Terkelsen CJ, Sørensen JT, et al. Performance of an ST dipole model for description of ST deviations in myocardial ischemia. J Electrocardiol. 2009;42:462
  18. Bacharova L, Mateasik A, Carnicky J, et al. The Dipolar ElectroCARdioTOpographic (DECARTO)-like method for graphic presentation of location and extent of area at risk estimated from ST-segment deviations in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Electrocardiol. 2009;42:172
  19. Pahlm-Webb U, Pahlm O, Sadanandan S, et al. A new method for using the direction of ST-segment deviation to localize the site of acute coronary occlusion: the 24-view standard electrocardiogram. Am J Med. 2002;113:75
  20. Perron A, Lim T, Pahlm-Webb U, et al. Maximal increase in sensitivity with minimal loss of specificity for diagnosis of acute coronary occlusion achieved by sequentially adding leads from the 24-lead electrocardiogram to the orderly sequenced 12-lead electrocardiogram. J Electrocardiol. 2007;40:463
  21. Cerqueira MD, Weissman NJ, Dilsizian V, et al. Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Cardiac Imaging Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2002;105:539
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  23. Terkelsen CJ, Nørgaard BL, Lassen JF, et al. Potential significance of spontaneous and interventional ST-changes in patients transferred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention: observations from the ST-MONitoring in Acute Myocardial Infarction study (The MONAMI study). Eur Heart J. 2006;27:267
  24. Abouantoun S, Ahnve S, Savvides M, et al. Can areas of myocardial ischemia be localized by the exercise electrocardiogram? A correlative study with thallium-201 scintigraphy. Am Heart J. 1984;108:933
  25. Nasmith JB, Pharand C, Dube B, et al. Localization of maximal ST-segment displacement in various ischemic settings by orthogonal ECG: implications for lead selection and the mechanism of ST shift. Can J Cardiol. 2001;17:57

PII: S0022-0736(09)00610-4

doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2009.12.001

Journal of Electrocardiology
Volume 43, Issue 2 , Pages 121-131 , March 2010

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