Journal of Electrocardiology
Volume 42, Issue 6 , Pages 481-486 , November 2009

The Guardian: an implantable system for chronic ambulatory monitoring of acute myocardial infarction

  • Bruce Hopenfeld, BSEE, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Angel Medical Systems, Shrewsbury, NJ, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Angel Medical Systems, 1163 Shrewsbury Ave., Shrewsbury, NJ 07702, USA.
    • ,
  • M. Sasha John, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Angel Medical Systems, Shrewsbury, NJ, USA
    • Rotman Research Institute and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
    • ,
  • David R. Fischell, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Angel Medical Systems, Shrewsbury, NJ, USA
    • ,
  • Paulo Medeiros, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
    • ,
  • Hélio P. Guimarães, MD

      Affiliations

    • Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
    • ,
  • Leopoldo S. Piegas, PhD, MD

      Affiliations

    • Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, Brazil

Received 17 April 2009

References 

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  2. American Heart Association . Heart disease and stroke statistics—2009 update. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3000090[Accessed on 17 April 2009]
  3. Grines CL, Browne KF, Marco J, et al. A comparison of immediate angioplasty with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:673
  4. Gibbons RJ, Holmes DR, Reeder GS, et al. Immediate angioplasty compared with the administration of a thrombolytic agent followed by conservative treatment for myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:685
  5. Faxon D, Lenfant C. Timing is everything: motivating patients to call 9-1-1 at onset of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2001;104:1210
  6. Fischell TA, Fischell DR, Fischell RE, et al. Potential of an intracardiac electrogram for the rapid detection of coronary artery occlusion. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2005;6:14
  7. Fischell TA, Fischell DR, Fischell RE, Virmani R, DeVries JJ, Krucoff MW. Real-time detection and alerting for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial ischemia using an implantable, high-fidelity, intracardiac electrogram monitoring system with long-range telemetry in an ambulatory porcine model. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:2306
  8. Tikkanen PE, Sellin LC, Kinnunen HO, Huikuri HV. Using simulated noise to define optimal QT intervals for computer analysis of ambulatory ECG. Med Eng Phys. 1999;21:15
  9. Kligfield P, Lauer MS. Exercise Electrocardiogram Testing: Beyond the ST Segment. Circulation. 2006;114:2070
  10. Karnegis JN, Matts J, Tuna N, et al. Comparison of exercise-positive with recovery-positive treadmill graded exercise tests. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60:544
  11. Lanza GA, Mustilli M, Sestito A, Infusino F, Sgueglia GA, Crea Heart F. Diagnostic and prognostic value of ST segment depression limited to the recovery phase of exercise stress test. Heart. 2004;90:1417
  12. Hänninen H, Takala P, Rantonen J, et al. ST-T integral and T-wave amplitude in detection of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia evaluated with body surface potential mapping. J Electrocardiol. 2003;36:89
  13. Hopenfeld B. ST segment depression: the possible role of global repolarization dynamics. Biomed Eng Online. 2007;6:6

PII: S0022-0736(09)00263-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2009.06.017

Journal of Electrocardiology
Volume 42, Issue 6 , Pages 481-486 , November 2009

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